The Atomic Affairs Library

Empowering learners, researchers, and policymakers with free access to nuclear security knowledge.

Key Moments in Nuclear History

Milestones that shaped the nuclear age

1938

Discovery of Nuclear Fission

Otto Hahn and Lise Meitner discover nuclear fission, unlocking the energy of the atom.

1945

Trinity Test & Hiroshima

The world's first nuclear detonation at Trinity, followed by the bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki.

1957

IAEA Established

The International Atomic Energy Agency is founded to promote peaceful uses of nuclear energy.

1968

NPT Signed

The Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty is opened for signature, forming the cornerstone of non-proliferation.

1986

Chernobyl Disaster

The Chernobyl nuclear disaster reshapes global perspectives on nuclear safety.

1998

South Asian Nuclear Tests

India (May 11 & 13) and Pakistan (May 28 & 30) conduct nuclear weapons tests, reshaping regional security dynamics.

1949

Soviet Union First Test

Soviet Union successfully detonates "First Lightning" (RDS-1), breaking US nuclear monopoly on August 29.

1952

UK First Nuclear Test

United Kingdom conducts first nuclear test on October 3, becoming third nuclear power.

1960

France Joins Nuclear Club

France conducts first nuclear test in Algeria on February 13, becoming fourth nuclear power.

1964

China's Nuclear Debut

China successfully conducts first atomic bomb test on October 16 in Inner Mongolia.

1974

India's Peaceful Nuclear Explosion

India conducts nuclear test (Smiling Buddha) on May 18, becoming sixth nuclear power.

1979

Three Mile Island Accident

Partial meltdown at Three Mile Island reactor in Pennsylvania on March 28 increases nuclear safety concerns.

2011

Fukushima Daiichi Disaster

Earthquake and tsunami on March 11 trigger multiple meltdowns at Fukushima plant in Japan.

Did You Know?

Fascinating facts about nuclear science and security

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